Think small—really small
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology employs devices with dimensions of one to 1,000 nanometers. At these sizes it is no wonder that scientists have seized upon nanotechnology for myriad medical applications. After all, the human body is built upon a foundation of nature-made nanostructures—genes, proteins, cells—that may be best approached on their own scale. Cancer is the key area of medical nanotechnology research. Lexi Krock
Nanoparticles
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Nanotubes Nanotubes are hollow cylinders made of carbon atoms. Doctors could someday use them as miniscule syringes for injecting cancer cells with drugs from within the body. In the future, nanotubes could help identify DNA mutations associated with a risk of cancer. |
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Nanoshells Nanoshells are hollow silica spheres covered with gold. Scientists can attach antibodies to their surfaces, enabling the shells to target certain cells such as cancer cells. Human trials using gold nanoshells are slated to begin in a couple of years. |
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Quantum Dots Quantum dots are miniscule semiconductor particles that can serve as signposts of certain types of cancer cells or molecules in the body. The different colors of quantum dots provide a powerful tool for labeling and monitoring cells. |
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Nanopores Nanopores have cancer research and treatment applications. Engineered into particles, drug manufacturers can also use nanopores to control the rate of a drug’s diffusion in the body. |
Gold nanopores, nanotubes, nanoshells, quantum dots, and others, are used to treat cancers. Targeted heat therapy is being developed to destroy breast cancer tumors. Antibodies that lock onto cancer proteins are attached to nanotubes, causing them to accumulate at the tumor. Infrared light from a Laser is absorbed by the Nanotubes & produces heat that cooks the Tumor.
Once in the bloodstream, the nanoparticles exist for up to 24 hours. Hundreds of thousands of them gather at a tumor site and exploit a trait shared by most cancers: a higher acidity level than healthy tissues. The acidity breaks down the outer layer of the nanoparticle, thus exposing the middle layer.
The nanoparticles then penetrate the cancer tumor’s membranes and release the medication. The fact that layers can be stripped away makes it possible to deliver the treatment to the right place.
More links on this subject:
NOVA April 2005, by Naomi Halas, PhD: Nanotechnology
Understanding Nanotechnology.com: Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment, 2007
BY Samuel Greengard • Nanoparticles May Revolutionize Future Cancer Treatment, August 17 2011
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