Viruses have been used as possible agents to treat cancer for more than a century.9 With the development of cloning technology, a variety of viruses could be genetically engineered to selectively infect and lyse tumor cells. The increased understanding of viral mechanisms of action, including activating innate and adaptive antitumor immunity and modulating the TME, prospered virotherapy.10 Four OVs have been approved for the treatment of various cancers. Despite the approved OVs, a number of OVs that were used as transgene carriers or combined with other immunotherapies were investigated for their antitumor effects in preclinical or clinical studies…
Oncolytic virus therapy (OVT) is a novel immunotherapy that uses natural or genetically modified viruses to specifically infect and lyse cancer cells but does not harm normal cells.12 Some milestones in the development of OVT are shown in Fig. 1. Historically, the possible use of natural viruses occurred in the early 1900s.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8987060/
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